Alabama
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.99/hour)
- Installation workers ($24.35/hour)
- Operations or business development ($41.08/hour)
Alaska
- Engineers/scientists ($45.54/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($24.32/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($28.59/hour)
Arizona
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($32.48/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($39.89/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.82/hour)
Arkansas
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.58/hour)
- Installation workers ($20.77/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($22.82/hour)
California
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($48.93/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($35.35/hour)
- Installation workers ($27.91)
Colorado
- Engineers/scientists ($39.49/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($32.48/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.82/hour)
Connecticut
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($48.41/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($41.07/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($23.84/hour)
District of Columbia
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($37.13/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($35.46/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($31.16/hour)
Delaware
- Electricians/construction workers ($22.79/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($31.16/hour)
- Installation workers ($20.65/hour)
Florida
- Installation workers ($20.65/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($20.28/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($31.16/hour)
Georgia
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($31.16/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($20.28/hour)
- Installation workers ($20.65/hour)
Hawaii
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($35.35/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($28.59/hour)
- Installation workers ($27.91)
Iowa
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.52/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($33.71/hour)
- Installation workers ($25.92/hour)
Idaho
- Finance positions or accountants ($27.32/hour)
- Operations or business development ($40.78/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.82/hour)
Illinois
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.25/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($43.21/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($32.37/hour)
Indiana
- Installation workers ($20.51/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.25/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($32.37/hour)
Kansas
- Electricians/construction workers ($25.82/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.52/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($37.61)
Kentucky
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.99/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($32.38/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($39.94/hour)
Louisiana
- Electricians/construction workers ($22.82/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($33.88/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.58/hour)
Maine
- Technicians/mechanical support ($23.84/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($29.02/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($48.41)
Massachusetts
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($48.41/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($37.81/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($29.02/hour)
Maryland
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($37.13/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($35.46/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($20.28/hour)
Michigan
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.25/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($37.16/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($43.21)
Minnesota
- Electricians/construction workers ($25.82/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.52/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($41.47/hour)
Mississippi
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.99/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($39.94/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($32.38/hour)
Missouri
- Installation workers ($25.92/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($33.71/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($41.47/hour)
Montana
- Electricians/construction workers ($24.69/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.82/hour)
- Manufacturing or production positions ($21.24/hour)
Nebraska
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.52/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($25.82/hour)
- IT/software or web developers ($38.76/hour)
North Carolina
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($37.13/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($20.28/hour)
- Installation workers ($20.65/hour)
Nevada
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.82/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($24.69/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($32.48/hour)
New Hampshire
- Installation workers ($27.33/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($23.84/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($37.81)
New Jersey
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($51.21/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($41.11/hour)
- Installation workers ($28.63/hour)
New York
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($51.21/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($23.03/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($41.11/hour)
New Mexico
- Electricians/construction workers ($24.69/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($32.48/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($39.49/hour)
North Dakota
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.52/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($33.71/hour)
- Installation workers ($25.92/hour)
Ohio
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.25/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($43.21/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($23.25/hour)
Oklahoma
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.58/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($33.88/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($41.32/hour)
Oregon
- Engineers/scientists ($45.54/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($48.93/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($24.32/hour)
Pennsylvania
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($35.59/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($51.21/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($23.03/hour)
Rhode Island
- Electricians/construction workers ($29.02/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($37.81/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($23.84/hour))
South Carolina
- Electricians/construction workers ($22.79/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($20.28/hour)
- Administrative support ($17.98/hour)
South Dakota
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.52/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($25.82/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($33.71/hour)
Tennessee
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.99/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($39.94/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($32.38/hour)
Texas
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.58/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($33.88/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($22.82/hour)
Utah
- Electricians/construction workers ($24.69/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($32.48/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.82/hour)
Vermont
- Installation workers ($27.33/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($41.07/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($23.84/hour)
Virginia
- Technicians/mechanical support ($20.28/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($37.13/hour)
- Engineers/scientists ($35.46/hour)
Washington
- Electricians/construction workers ($28.59/hour)
- Sales, marketing, or customer service ($35.35/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($24.32/hour)
Wisconsin
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.25/hour)
- Installation workers ($20.51/hour)
- Management — directors, supervisors, vice presidents ($43.21/hour)
West Virginia
- Technicians/mechanical support ($20.28/hour)
- Installation workers ($20.65/hour)
- Electricians/construction workers ($22.79/hour)
Wyoming
- Electricians/construction workers ($24.69/hour)
- Technicians/mechanical support ($21.82/hour)
- Installation workers ($22.18/hour)
Download the 2020 Report
The U.S. Energy & Employment Report provides a unique window on the people who meet the nation’s energy needs, and identifies important trends and skill sets for the 21st Century energy workforce. Download the 2020 Executive Summary.
Energy Futures Initiative, a not-for-profit clean energy think tank led by former U.S. Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz, and the National Association of State Energy Officials, which represents the 56 governor-designated State and Territory energy officials, have once again teamed up to produce the 2020 USEER.
State-by-State Data
The USEER provides individual state snapshots that are useful for understanding and comparison.
Download the 5-Year Trend Report
The 2020 USEER is the fifth iteration of the annual energy and employment report. This section serves as a summary analysis of the past 5 years of U.S. energy and employment data.
“As the energy industry experiences continual change, the USEER puts a spotlight on markets, technologies, and occupations that offer opportunities for higher wages and revenue growth.”

By the Numbers
The USEER survey is a supplement to Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) employment data and offers detailed information found nowhere else, making it an invaluable tool for policymakers, academic officials and business executives.
The USEER provides:
• Employment numbers and trends
• Wage data by sector
• Employer hiring expectations for the next 12 months
• Hiring difficulty by technology and industrial classification
• High demand jobs and skills gaps
• Workforce demographics by race, ethnicity, gender, and veteran’s status
• Geographic location by state, county, congressional and legislative districts, and MSA of each technology and industrial classifications
6,800,000
Number of jobs in the traditional Energy and Energy Efficiency sectors
54,000
Jobs added in Energy Efficiency professional services
120,300
Number of jobs added in these sectors in the last year
266,300
Total jobs for employees working with alternative fuels
33,500
New positions for petroleum fuels, most of traditional energy jobs
896,800
Total jobs in the sector of Electric Power Generation
18,000
More jobs in oil and natural gas extraction
78%
Of construction employees spend at least 50 percent of their time on Energy Effficency-related work

About the Report
Produced by the Energy Futures Initiative (EFI) in partnership with the National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO), the U.S. Energy and Employment Report (USEER) provides a quantitative lens with which to evaluate the employment impact of new energy technologies, shifting fuels deployment, and evolving transmission and distribution systems. It also presents a unique snapshot of energy efficiency employment in key sectors of the economy, including construction and manufacturing. The report also illustrates how fuel efficiency as well as new technologies and materials affect employment in the motor vehicle industry.
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